德(de)國斯派克直讀光(guang)譜(pu)(pu)儀現在是(shi)一(yi)種被很(hen)多(duo)人所認知(zhi)的(de)一(yi)款光(guang)譜(pu)(pu)分析的(de)儀器(qi)，可對合(he)(he)金材(cai)料進行檢(jian)測，被廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)適(shi)用于鑄造、冶金、機(ji)械(xie)加工等領(ling)域。德(de)國斯派克直讀光(guang)譜(pu)(pu)儀可檢(jian)測的(de)銅合(he)(he)金材(cai)料有哪些呢？

       我國銅(tong)及銅(tong)合金分(fen)類(lei)(lei)習慣按色(se)澤分(fen)類(lei)(lei)，一般分(fen)為(wei)四大類(lei)(lei)：

       紫銅：系指純銅，主要品種(zhong)有(you)無氧銅、紫銅、磷脫氧銅、銀(yin)銅。

       黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)：系指銅(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)為(wei)基礎的(de)(de)合金(jin)，又(you)可(ke)細分(fen)為(wei)簡(jian)單黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和復雜(za)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，復雜(za)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)中又(you)以(yi)第三組元冠(guan)名為(wei)鎳黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、硅黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)等。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)合金(jin)。ZUI簡(jian)單的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)二元合金(jin)，稱為(wei)簡(jian)單黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)或普通(tong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。改變黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)中鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)以(yi)得到(dao)不(bu)同(tong)機械性能(neng)的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)中鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang)越高，其強度也較高，塑性稍低(di)。工業中采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)含(han)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)超過45%，含(han)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)量(liang)(liang)再高將會產(chan)生脆性，使合金(jin)性能(neng)變壞。

       為(wei)(wei)了(le)改(gai)善(shan)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某(mou)種(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，在(zai)一元(yuan)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上加(jia)(jia)入其它合金元(yuan)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)稱為(wei)(wei)特殊黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合金元(yuan)素有(you)硅、鋁(lv)、錫、鉛(qian)(qian)、錳、鐵與鎳等。在(zai)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)中加(jia)(jia)鋁(lv)能提高(gao)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屈服強(qiang)度和抗(kang)(kang)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)，稍降低塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)。含鋁(lv)小于4%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)具有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工、鑄(zhu)造(zao)等綜合性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。在(zai)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)中加(jia)(jia)1%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錫能顯著改(gai)善(shan)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)海水和海洋大(da)氣腐蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)，因(yin)此稱為(wei)(wei)“黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)"。錫還(huan)能改(gai)善(shan)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)削加(jia)(jia)工性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)加(jia)(jia)鉛(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是改(gai)善(shan)切(qie)削加(jia)(jia)工性(xing)(xing)(xing)和提高(gao)耐(nai)磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，鉛(qian)(qian)對黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度影響(xiang)不大(da)。錳黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)具有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能、熱穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和抗(kang)(kang)蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)；在(zai)錳黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)中加(jia)(jia)鋁(lv)，還(huan)可(ke)以改(gai)善(shan)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，得到(dao)表面(mian)光(guang)潔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)件。

       青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)：系指(zhi)除銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳(nie)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋅合(he)(he)(he)(he)金以外的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)合(he)(he)(he)(he)金，主要品種(zhong)有錫(xi)(xi)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、鋁青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、特殊青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（又稱(cheng)高銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)金）。青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是歷(li)應用ZUI早的(de)(de)一種(zhong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)金，原指(zhi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錫(xi)(xi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)金，因(yin)顏色(se)呈青(qing)灰色(se)，故稱(cheng)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。為(wei)了改善合(he)(he)(he)(he)金的(de)(de)工(gong)藝性(xing)能和(he)(he)機(ji)械性(xing)能，大部分青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內還(huan)加入其它合(he)(he)(he)(he)金元(yuan)素，如鉛、鋅、磷等(deng)。由于錫(xi)(xi)是一種(zhong)稀缺(que)元(yuan)素，所以工(gong)業上還(huan)使用許多(duo)不(bu)含錫(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)無錫(xi)(xi)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，它們(men)不(bu)僅價格(ge)便(bian)宜，還(huan)具有所需要的(de)(de)特種(zhong)性(xing)能。無錫(xi)(xi)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主要有鋁青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、鈹青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、錳青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、硅青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)。此外還(huan)有成份較為(wei)復雜的(de)(de)三(san)元(yuan)或四(si)元(yuan)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。現(xian)在(zai)除黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)白銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳(nie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)金）以外的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)金均稱(cheng)為(wei)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。

       白(bai)銅(tong)：系指銅(tong)鎳(nie)(nie)系合金。以鎳(nie)(nie)為主(zhu)要添加元素(su)的銅(tong)基(ji)合金呈銀白(bai)色(se)，稱為白(bai)銅(tong)。銅(tong)鎳(nie)(nie)二元合金稱普通白(bai)銅(tong)，加錳、鐵、鋅(xin)和鋁等元素(su)的銅(tong)鎳(nie)(nie)合金稱為復雜白(bai)銅(tong)，純銅(tong)加鎳(nie)(nie)能顯(xian)著提高強度、耐蝕性、電阻和熱電性。

       所(suo)以(yi)，各(ge)類銅合金(jin)材(cai)料(liao)相(xiang)對也比(bi)較復雜，為了更好的確認各(ge)銅合金(jin)材(cai)料(liao)中的各(ge)元素(su)精確含量，選擇德(de)國斯派克直(zhi)讀光(guang)譜儀(yi)是(shi)一個不錯的選擇。